Reference Emissions Level [MGD Sections]
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Definition of forest
Land cover, land use and stratification
Forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Estimation methods for REDD+ activities
Estimation of emissions from deforestation
Estimation of emissions from degradation
Sustainable management of forests, enhancement of forest carbon stocks (within existing forest), and conservation of forest carbon stocks
Enhancement of forest carbon stocks (afforestation of land not previously forest, reforestation of land previously converted from forest to another land use)
Conversion of natural forest
Selecting an integration framework
Practical considerations in choosing an integration tool
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Definition of forest
Land cover, land use and stratification
Forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Estimation methods for REDD+ activities
Estimation of emissions from deforestation
Estimation of emissions from degradation
Sustainable management of forests, enhancement of forest carbon stocks (within existing forest), and conservation of forest carbon stocks
Enhancement of forest carbon stocks (afforestation of land not previously forest, reforestation of land previously converted from forest to another land use)
Conversion of natural forest
Selecting an integration framework
Practical considerations in choosing an integration tool
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
REDD+ Reporting [MGD Sections]
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
Significance and key category analysis
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Definition of forest
Land cover, land use and stratification
Forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Quality assurance and quality control
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Estimation methods for REDD+ activities
Estimation of emissions from deforestation
Estimation of emissions from degradation
Sustainable management of forests, enhancement of forest carbon stocks (within existing forest), and conservation of forest carbon stocks
Enhancement of forest carbon stocks (afforestation of land not previously forest, reforestation of land previously converted from forest to another land use)
Conversion of natural forest
Integration frameworks for estimating emission and removals
Selecting an integration framework
Activity data x emission/removal factor tools
Fully integrated tools
Practical considerations in choosing an integration tool
Guiding principles – Methods and approaches
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
Significance and key category analysis
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Definition of forest
Land cover, land use and stratification
Forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Quality assurance and quality control
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Estimation methods for REDD+ activities
Estimation of emissions from deforestation
Estimation of emissions from degradation
Sustainable management of forests, enhancement of forest carbon stocks (within existing forest), and conservation of forest carbon stocks
Enhancement of forest carbon stocks (afforestation of land not previously forest, reforestation of land previously converted from forest to another land use)
Conversion of natural forest
Integration frameworks for estimating emission and removals
Selecting an integration framework
Activity data x emission/removal factor tools
Fully integrated tools
Practical considerations in choosing an integration tool
Guiding principles – Methods and approaches
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
Non-carbon Related Reporting [MGD Sections]
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
Internal + External Analysis [MGD Sections]
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
Quality assurance and quality control
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
Quality assurance and quality control
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
AFOLU GHG Inventory Reporting [MGD Sections]
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
IPCC good practice guidance
Relationship to UNFCCC
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Definition of forest
Land cover, land use and stratification
Forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Quality assurance and quality control
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
IPCC good practice guidance
Relationship to UNFCCC
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Definition of forest
Land cover, land use and stratification
Forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Quality assurance and quality control
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
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2.3.3 Forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
An NFMS is likely to need to consider methodological issues associated with the construction of FREL and/or FRLs as benchmarks for assessing Parties’ performances in implementing REDD+ activities. This implies consideration of the meaning of technical terms used in COP decisions, discussed in this section which is based on material previously published as GFOI MGD Module 3(1). Other useful sources i) the GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook
, ii) UN-REDD’s Emerging approaches to Forest Reference Emission Levels and/or Forest Reference Levels for REDD+
, also iii) the Technical considerations for FREL and/or FRL construction for REDD+ under the UNFCCC
and the iv) World Bank Carbon Fund Methodological Framework
. The World Bank Methodological Framework applies to pilot implementation under the Carbon Fund of the Bank’s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), and has some requirements (e.g. concerning conservativeness, and to limit adjustments for national circumstances under the terms of decision 12/CP.17
) which are more elaborated or restrictive than the COP decisions.





(1) | GFOI Module 3 ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |