Processes [MGD Sections]
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
IPCC good practice guidance
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
IPCC good practice guidance
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
MRV Institutions [MGD Sections]
Institutional arrangements and REDD+ decisions
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
UNFCCC decisions and requirements
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Technical assessment of forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Technical analysis of the REDD+ annex to the BUR
Additional advice on REDD+ reporting and verification
Guiding Principles – Reporting and verification of emissions and removals
Financial considerations
Methods + Tools [MGD Sections]
Institutional arrangements and REDD+ decisions
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Integration frameworks for estimating emission and removals
Remote sensing observations
Ground-based observations
Guiding principles – Remote sensing and ground-based observations
Activity data
Emissions/removals factors
Estimating total emissions/removals and its uncertainty
Guiding principles – Estimation and uncertainty
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Financial considerations
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
Design decisions relevant to national forest monitoring systems
Guiding principles – Requirements and design decisions
Integration frameworks for estimating emission and removals
Remote sensing observations
Ground-based observations
Guiding principles – Remote sensing and ground-based observations
Activity data
Emissions/removals factors
Estimating total emissions/removals and its uncertainty
Guiding principles – Estimation and uncertainty
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Financial considerations
Forest Policy + Governance [MGD Sections]
Institutional arrangements and REDD+ decisions
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
Institutions involved in measurement, reporting and verification
Measurement, reporting and verification processes
Operational requirements
Guiding principles – Institutional arrangements
REDD+ requirements and procedures
Reporting forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels
Reporting results of REDD+ activities
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4.2 Ground-based observations
Ground-based observations are needed for the estimation of carbon and non-carbon dioxide GHG emissions and removals for REDD+ activities, regardless of the sampling or inferential method used. Ground-based observations are used to estimate emissions and removals factors, establish growth models for different types of forests, to parameterise Tier 3 models and as reference data for estimating activity data. Although availability will differ from country to country, examples relevant ground-based observations include:
- NFIs, subnational forest inventories, and forest assessments based on plot or transect measurements;
- growth and yield studies, harvested wood removals, and models for converting these to biomass;
- auxiliary spatial data on land use, management, disturbance history, soil type which can be used to guide the selection and application of emissions and removals factors ;
- research data that can be used to estimate emissions and removals in above- and below ground biomass, litter, deadwood and soils;
- field observations which can be converted to emission/removal factors for non-CO2 GHGs from soils and fire.
For REDD+, emissions and removals estimates can be developed using data from NFIs and related intensive monitoring sites and auxiliary data. In general it will be efficient for the NFMS to collate relevant existing information (Chapter 4) prior to commencing any further sampling, and to conduct a gap analysis to determine the most efficient sampling strategy. Access to original data sets, data collection protocols employed as well as documentation of data quality checks undertaken are important for transparent reporting and assessment of generated estimates. To maintain representativeness, consistency of definitions and protocols, data generally need to be stratified according to forest type, soil and climatic conditions, topography, and the nature of forest disturbances induced by anthropogenic or natural factors (Chapter 2, Section 2.3.2).